If you’ve ever wondered how to get your foot in the door in the film and television industry, chances are you’ve heard the term Production Assistant — usually shortened to PA.
It’s the most common entry-level job in filmmaking, and while the work is rarely glamorous, it’s the role that keeps productions running smoothly.
At its core, a Production Assistant’s job is to support the production and crew through hands-on tasks that keep the day running smoothly. That includes managing lock-ups to keep the set clean, running errands and pickups, maintaining communication over walkies, and providing general on-set support to the production team or specific departments as needed.
So what does a PA actually do? What skills and gear do you need? How much can you make? Why is it such a crucial job for anyone starting a film career? This guide covers everything you need to know.
The Role of a Production Assistant
A Production Assistant (PA) is the backbone of day-to-day operations on a film or TV set. They support the Assistant Director team, the production office, and sometimes individual departments.
Think of PAs as the connective tissue of a film crew. They handle the small but essential details: distributing paperwork, running errands, locking up streets during takes, or even just making sure the crew gets fed on time.
Because of this, the PA role is one of the fastest ways to learn how a professional set actually functions — from the inside out.
Typical Duties of a Production Assistant
On-Set PA Responsibilities
- Lock-Ups: Prevent pedestrians or vehicles from wandering into the shot.
- Background Coordination: Help wrangle extras and ensure they hit their marks.
- Radio Communication: Relay information quickly between departments (“copy that” and “standing by” will become second nature). Learn more about Walkie Etiquette here.
- Quiet on Set: Maintain control during takes.
- Crew Assistance: Helping departments with various tasks.
Office PA Responsibilities
- Answer phones and emails.
- Print, copy, and distribute call sheets, sides, and schedules.
- Organize receipts and handle petty cash.
- Run errands for production management.
See our guide on Managing Petty Cash & Expense Reports for more details.
Post-Production PA Responsibilities
- Log footage and keep hard drives organized.
- Assist editors with media prep.
- Deliver runs between post facilities.
Departmental PA
- Assist a particle department such as grip, lighting, art, camera etc.
Why Production Assistants Are Important
The PA role may seem like “grunt work,” but it’s critical for keeping productions on track.
If lock-ups fail, the shot gets ruined.
If paperwork isn’t delivered, departments fall behind.
If radios go unanswered, the day slows down.
A strong PA team can make or break a shoot. ADs and Producers always remember who works hard, stays positive, and solves problems.
Skills Every Production Assistant Needs
You don’t need film school or years of experience to succeed as a PA — but you do need the right mindset:
- Punctuality: Be on set before your call time. In film, on time = late.
- Communication: Clear, concise radio etiquette is crucial.
- Professionalism: Stay polite, even under pressure.
- Work Ethic: Hours are long, and the crew notices when you slack.
- Problem Solving: Anticipate needs before they’re spoken.
- Adaptability: Every day is different; flexibility is key.
- Humility: Be observant. Don’t offer opinions unless asked — you’re there to assist, not direct.
Pro Tip: If you don’t know the answer, never guess. Find the right person and get back quickly.
A Day in the Life of a Set PA
To give you a sense of what PA’ing feels like, here’s a sample day on a commercial shoot:
6:00 AM: Arrive early, grab a radio, and check in with the 2nd AD or Production Manager.
6:30 AM: Start placing signage for crew parking and bathrooms.
7:00 AM: Distribute call sheets and sides to departments.
8:00 AM: Lock up a side street while the camera rolls.
10:30 AM: Help wrangle background actors for a street scene.
12:30 PM: Start setting up lunch tables.
2:00 PM: Fetch batteries for the sound team.
5:00 PM: Stand by a door to keep the set quiet.
8:30 PM: Collect paperwork and radios from crew.
9:00 PM: Wrap out with the team and head home.
Every day looks different, but you’ll always be in motion.
Check out this amazing RocketJump Film School Video that goes through the day in the life of a set PA.
From the Field: Real PA Experiences
Every PA’s day is unique. On my first job as a Production Assistant, I found myself babysitting trucks and equipment, doing coffee runs, helping art department, helping lighting, and taking out the trash — all in the same day.
The key is simple:
Say yes to everything (unless it’s unsafe), stay flexible, and learn something from every task. Those who consistently put in effort and stay positive are often the ones who get noticed…and invited back.
Advanced PA Knowledge: Walkie & Paperwork Basics
Walkie Etiquette Cheat Sheet
- “10-1” Bathroom break.
- “10-2” Longer Bathroom break…
- “Flying in” Someone is bringing the requested item to set.
- “Copy” You received and understood the message.
- “Go again” Repeat your last transmission.
Paperwork You Might Handle
- Call Sheet: Daily schedule with crew call times, locations, and contact info.
- Sides: Small printouts of script pages being shot that day.
Essential PA Equipment: The Ultimate Kit List
Clothing & Comfort
- Comfortable shoes (12–14 hours on your feet). Some people like to change shoes and socks at lunch.
- Weather gear: rain jacket, sunscreen, gloves, hat.
Tools & Supplies
Although buying these tools might seem unnecessary to someone just starting out, investing in them early will prove invaluable. They’re the kind of tools that stay with you throughout your career, no matter which department you end up in.
- Multi-tool: Leatherman style multi-tools are industry standard. There are other/more affordable options available. Be sure to read reviews before buying, but understand that man consider leatherman the gold standard. Check out some options on Amazon.
- Olfa Knife: Extremely useful. Check out one of my favorite Olfas on the market on Amazon.
- Flashlight or headlamp: Check out some USB C head lamps on Amazon.
- Pens & Sharpies (keep extras): A multi-color pen has been industry standard for many departments for year. Check out some options on Amazon.
- Small Notebook
- Roll of tape: In my opinion, you can never go wrong with having black paper tape and/or gaffer tape
- Work gloves
Communication & Power
- Walkie earpiece. Buy a multipack keep and extra in your kit. See options on Amazon.
- Phone with charger and power bank: Check out options on Amazon.
Food & Health
- Water bottle & snacks. Get a nice refillable stainless steel bottle and keep it on you.
- Hand warmers for cold shoots. In winter, I like to always pick up a pack of these and have them in my kit.
- Small first aid kit (band-aids, blister pads).
- Personal Hygiene stuff. Deodorant, tooth brush, mouth wash etc.
Pouches and Storage
- Belt pouch for tools: Something a little smaller and discreet can be helpful. You don’t want to look like you’re going to war. Check out some options on Amazon.
- Glove clip: See some option on Amazon.
If You’re Given a Production Vehicle
Having a valid driver’s license makes you more valuable as a PA — especially when productions need runs, pickups, or cast transport.
If production assigns you a vehicle (usually a cube truck, minivan, or rental SUV), you’re being trusted with a serious responsibility.
Before You Drive
- Inspect the vehicle for damage, fuel level, and correct paperwork (insurance, registration, rental agreement).
- Take photos of all sides to protect yourself from existing damage claims.
- Ask who’s authorized to ride along — some productions limit passengers or personal use.
- Clarify destinations and who to contact if plans change.
While Driving
- Drive defensively and cautiously — you’re representing production.
- Never use your phone while driving.
- Follow all local laws and production insurance requirements.
- Secure all cargo — loose gear can shift or break in transit.
Treating Rentals and Production Vehicles
- No personal use — production vehicles are for production only.
- No eating or smoking inside.
- Keep interiors organized; clutter looks unprofessional.
- Always refuel before returning — rentals charge premium refuel fees.
- Report any damage immediately.
Smart Habits
- Keep a small emergency kit: gloves, umbrella, first aid, bottled water.
- Park safely and legally — parking tickets can come out of your pay.
- Always know where your vehicle is parked; basecamp can move mid-day.
- Keep gas receipts for reimbursement by production.
Think of your assigned vehicle as part of the gear list — treat it like a camera truck, not your personal ride. Organization, respect, and accountability go a long way.
How Much Can Production Assistants Make?
U.S.
- NYC/LA: $100–$350/day.
- Indie Shoots: $100–$300/day.
Canada
- Toronto / Vancouver: $100–$300/day
- Indie shoots: closer to $100–$250/day.
U.K.
- Often called “Runners.” Rates vary from £80–£200/day.
PAs are usually freelance and paid per day. Benefits like overtime are rare, or often only kick in after 10-12hrs
*Note: rates are dependent on location and scale of production. There is no standard rate across the board for Production Assistants.
How to Get Hired as a Production Assistant
Breaking in can feel intimidating, but most PAs get hired through word-of-mouth, local networks, and small gigs.
Step-by-Step Entry Path
- Start local. Join film Facebook groups, your regional film commission, and crew databases.
- Volunteer once — strategically. Take one short or student film to learn, but don’t work for free repeatedly.
- Create a clean one-page résumé. List transferable skills like driving, logistics, or customer service.
- Assemble your PA kit. Walkie earpiece, gloves, pens, flashlight — being prepared stands out.
- Show up early. Punctuality and consistency make you memorable.
- Collect contacts. Keep the numbers and emails of ADs, coordinators, and PMs.
The film world runs on reputation. Be reliable, even once, and someone will call you again.
Famous Filmmakers and Crew Who Started as PAs
Many of today’s top filmmakers and producers began their careers in entry-level crew jobs — often as Production Assistants, runners, or camera trainees. The experience gave them the access, perspective, and connections that shaped their careers.
Directors
- David Fincher — Started as a PA at Korty Films way before directing major music videos, then eventually feature length films.
- Paul Thomas Anderson — PA on TV movies before directing Cigarettes & Coffee.
- Ava DuVernay — Worked as a PA on The Haunting and Collateral before directing Selma.
- Ryan Coogler — Began as a PA and camera trainee before Fruitvale Station.
- Patty Jenkins — Started as a PA and camera assistant before directing Monster.
- Michael Bay — PA and storyboard artist before music videos and Bad Boys.
- James Gunn — PA and writer at Troma Entertainment before Slither and Guardians of the Galaxy.
- Taika Waititi — Worked on small crews and PA-level gigs before Two Cars, One Night.
Cinematographers and Crew
- Greig Fraser, ASC (Dune, The Batman) — Started as a camera PA and assistant before shooting commercials.
- Rachel Morrison, ASC (Black Panther) — Began as a PA and camera trainee before becoming the first woman to DP a major Marvel film.
- Robert Elswit, ASC (There Will Be Blood) — Began as a PA and camera operator in the 1970s.
- Linus Sandgren, ASC (La La Land) — Started as a PA and camera trainee in Sweden.
Producers and Assistant Directors
- Kevin Feige — Worked as a PA on You’ve Got Mail before producing for Marvel and eventually running the studio.
- Kathryn Bigelow — Began as a PA and assistant on short films before directing The Loveless and later The Hurt Locker.
- Jason Blum — Started as a PA and script reader for Miramax before founding Blumhouse Productions.
- Michelle MacLaren (Breaking Bad, Game of Thrones) — Began as a PA in Vancouver before working up through the AD department.
- Frank Marshall — Started as a PA on Targets (1968) before producing Raiders of the Lost Ark.
The takeaway: everyone starts somewhere. Many of the biggest names in film got their first shot by doing the same job you’re looking at now — showing up, working hard, and making themselves indispensable.
Networking Tips for Production Assistants
Networking as a PA is subtle but essential.
- Introduce yourself briefly to department heads when appropriate.
- Keep a contact sheet (names, roles, emails).
- Follow up with a short thank-you message after wrap.
- Never interrupt during busy moments — timing matters.
- Ask for references only after proving yourself.
Networking on set isn’t about self-promotion — it’s about being useful, reliable, and positive. People hire who they like working with.
Transitioning Out of PA Work
Being a PA is a stepping stone, not a destination.
Most people PA for 6–24 months before moving up.
Common Next Steps
- Office PA – Production Coordinator.
- Set PA – 2nd 2nd AD – 2nd AD – 1st AD.
- Set PA – Camera Trainee – 2nd AC – 1st AC.
- Set PA – 3rd Electric – 2nd Electric – Gaffer.
When you’re ready to move on:
- Update your resume with department-specific tasks.
- Express interest early to ADs and department heads.
- Ask to shadow when appropriate.
Hard work leads to visibility. The crew notices who puts in the effort — that’s how most people get their next call.
Cultural & Soft Skills for PAs
- Stay discreet: never post set photos online.
- Use downtime wisely — stay nearby, but don’t hover.
- Stay positive: energy matters on long days.
- Respect hierarchy: always report to the AD team or your current superior.
- Say yes to everything unless it compromises your safety.
- Be an observer: learn by watching before you speak.
Common Mistakes New PAs Make
- Disappearing without telling anyone.
- Arguing on the radio.
- Being on their phone during work hours.
- Treating tasks like coffee runs as “beneath them.”
- Forgetting names or not writing things down.
PA Resume & Cover Letter Tips
Resume
- Keep it one page.
- Highlight transferable skills (organization, communication, reliability).
- List productions you’ve worked on (title, role, year).
- Add relevant training (set etiquette workshops, safety courses).
Cover Letter (not so common for PAs)
- Keep it short — 2–3 paragraphs.
- Focus on attitude, reliability, and eagerness to learn.
- Show knowledge of set basics.
- Avoid over-selling yourself; humility goes far.
Frequently Asked Questions About Production Assistants
Do you need film school to be a PA?
No. Film school can help you understand terminology and workflow, but productions hire based on reliability, attitude, and work ethic — not diplomas. Many PAs start by volunteering on small sets or student films and build their reputation from there.
Is being a PA worth it?
Yes, if your goal is to break into the film industry. The pay is modest, but the experience, contacts, and behind-the-scenes knowledge are invaluable. It’s one of the few entry-level jobs that can lead directly to higher crew positions.
How do you become a PA with no experience?
Start by joining local film Facebook groups, crew databases, or your regional film commission’s job list. Offer to help on short films or indie shoots to get your first credits. Show up early, stay professional, and collect contacts — that’s how most careers begin.
What does a Production Assistant actually do?
PAs manage lock-ups, run errands and pickups, distribute paperwork, assist with crowd control, and handle communication between departments. They do a little bit of everything to help the production run smoothly.
How many hours does a PA work?
Expect 10–14-hour days, often early mornings and late nights. On features and TV shows, 12-hour days are standard. Always bring water, snacks, and comfortable shoes — pacing yourself is key to surviving long shoots.
What should a PA wear on set?
Dress for function and neutrality: dark, non-reflective clothing, sturdy shoes, weather-appropriate layers, and no logos. Always bring rain gear and a hat for outdoor shoots.
What should a PA bring to set?
Bring a small kit with pens, Sharpies, flashlight, multitool, gloves, water, snacks, and a phone charger. A walkie earpiece is essential if radios are provided. For a full list, see the Essential PA Equipment section above.
How much do Production Assistants make per day?
Rates vary by region and show type. Non-union: $100–$250/day. Union or studio projects: $250–$350/day. In Canada, $200–$300/day is standard in major cities; in the U.K., £80–£200/day.
What’s the difference between a Set PA and an Office PA?
Set PAs work on location under the Assistant Director team, focusing on communication and logistics. Office PAs work in the production office, handling calls, paperwork, and scheduling.
How long do people usually stay PAs?
Most crew members PA for 6–24 months before moving up. Ambitious PAs use that time to decide which department they want to join and start building relationships with those teams. Although there are “career PAs”
Can being a PA lead to other jobs?
Absolutely. Many 1st ADs, DPs, and producers began as PAs. It’s one of the most direct paths into nearly every department because you work closely with all of them.
What are the biggest mistakes new PAs make?
Disappearing without telling anyone, arguing over the radio, being on their phone, or treating basic tasks as beneath them. The most respected PAs stay humble, communicative, and proactive.
Final Thoughts
Every great filmmaker starts somewhere, and for many, that starting point is working as a Production Assistant. It’s not the most glamorous job on set, but it’s one of the most important. As a PA, you’re the glue that helps hold everything together, supporting every department and learning how a real production runs from the ground up.
What you do as a PA might not make headlines, but it builds the foundation for everything that comes next. The best Assistant Directors, Producers, and Cinematographers all remember their early days hauling gear, locking up sets, and figuring out the rhythm of the industry. The habits you form here—being on time, staying alert, and showing initiative—are the same ones that will carry you forward in your career.
Take pride in the job, even when it’s hard. Every task is a chance to prove your professionalism and reliability. Stay curious, ask questions when it’s appropriate, and pay attention to how things get done. The people who take the job seriously don’t stay PAs for long. They
