Last Updated 2 months ago
Definition
In film and television production, below the line refers to the crew members and expenses that are not directly involved in the creative decision-making process. These roles are primarily technical, logistical, or support-based, and include departments such as grip, electric, camera, wardrobe, makeup, sound, and locations. The term comes from traditional budget breakdowns, where creative positions were listed “above the line,” and all other crew and costs were listed “below.”
Who Is Below the Line?
Common below-the-line positions include:
- Assistant Directors (ADs): Manage scheduling, logistics, and set operations.
- Line Producer / Production Manager: Oversees budgets, payroll, and day-to-day production logistics.
- Gaffer: Head of the electrical (lighting) department.
- Key Grip: Leads the grip team, handling rigging and light control.
- Sound Department: Production sound mixer, boom operator, utility.
- Wardrobe, Hair, Makeup: Essential for talent preparation but not creative decision-makers.
- Art Department Crew: Carpenters, set dressers, and painters who execute designs.
Above the Line vs. Below the Line
- Above the Line: Creative decision-makers such as the Director, Producers, Screenwriter, and Lead Actors. Their pay is usually negotiated upfront.
- Below the Line: Crew responsible for execution and logistics, typically hired for the length of production with standardized rates.
Both groups are essential: above-the-line roles shape the vision, while below-the-line roles make that vision possible.
Budget Context
- Above the Line Costs: Fees for creative talent, story rights, and script development.
- Below the Line Costs: Crew wages, equipment rentals, set construction, costumes, and post-production labor.
- This distinction is crucial for union negotiations, tax incentives, and financial planning.
Why It Matters
Understanding “below the line” helps filmmakers, producers, and students grasp the division of labor and budgeting in production. While these positions may not drive creative choices, they are the backbone of the filmmaking process. Productions cannot function without the technical expertise, problem-solving, and craftsmanship of below-the-line crew.
Related Terms
- [Above the Line] Creative positions such as director, writer, producers, and lead cast.
- [Line Producer] The producer responsible for managing the budget and below-the-line crew.
- [Grip Department] Crew that handles rigging, shaping, and controlling light.