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Filmmaking Dictionary: Number 3 / 3D / Stereoscopic 3D
Definition
Stereoscopic 3D presents different images to the viewer’s left and right eyes to create a binocular impression of depth. The two images represent slightly different viewpoints of the same scene, allowing their relative differences to contribute to the perceived distance of objects.
This is different from using three-dimensional computer models. A film created with 3D animation software may still be released as an ordinary 2D, single-view presentation.
The Stereo Pair
A live-action stereo system captures coordinated left-eye and right-eye views. Their spacing and the treatment of corresponding image positions influence how the scene’s depth appears in presentation. A virtual camera pair can perform a related role in computer-generated work.
The images need to agree in timing, colour, exposure, focus behaviour and geometry. Unintended differences can make the pair difficult to combine comfortably or make objects appear inconsistent between the eyes.
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Capture and Presentation Work Together
The viewing system must deliver each image to the intended eye. Depending on the system, that may involve polarized projection, active glasses, a headset or another display arrangement. A file containing two views will not automatically display correctly on every screen.
The way the pair is packed also matters. Side-by-side and over-under layouts place both views in one frame arrangement, while other workflows use separate image streams or files. The receiving system needs the correct interpretation and eye order.
Practical Example
A close foreground object crosses in front of a performer. The left and right cameras see slightly different relationships around its edge. The stereo team must judge that depth relationship for the intended presentation, not only confirm that both cameras produced sharp pictures.
Workflow Checks
- Identify left and right views consistently from capture through delivery.
- Confirm synchronization between the two viewpoints.
- Match exposure, colour and lens behaviour.
- Check alignment and the intended depth treatment.
- Review through an appropriate stereoscopic display.
- Test titles, graphics and edits as part of the stereo presentation.
Common Mistakes
Swapping the eye order can reverse depth relationships. Another common mistake is to approve each eye separately without reviewing the combined stereo result. Two individually acceptable images can still make a poor pair.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Is 360-degree video automatically stereoscopic?
No. A 360-degree recording can be monoscopic or stereoscopic.
Can a 2D film be converted to 3D?
Yes, through additional processing and depth work. That is different from capturing a stereo pair on set.
Related Terms
Browse all terms starting with 3 or return to the filmmaking dictionary.