Last Updated 3 days ago
Definition
In film and television production, below the line is a budgeting classification covering many physical-production and post-production labor and equipment costs. It commonly includes camera, lighting, grip, production design, costume, sound, editing and other departments. The classification does not measure creative importance: these departments make substantial creative decisions as well as carrying out technical and logistical work.
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Who Is Below the Line?
Common below-the-line positions include:
- Assistant Directors (ADs): Manage scheduling, logistics, and set operations.
- Line Producer / Production Manager: Oversees budgets, payroll, and day-to-day production logistics.
- Gaffer: Head of the electrical (lighting) department.
- Key Grip: Leads the grip team, handling rigging and light control.
- Sound Department: Production sound mixer, boom operator, utility.
- Wardrobe, Hair and Makeup: Departments that shape character and visual continuity through creative design, preparation and practical execution.
- Art Department Crew: Carpenters, set dressers, and painters who execute designs.
Above the Line vs. Below the Line
- Above the Line: A budget category commonly covering story rights, producers, the director, writers and principal cast. The precise accounting breakdown depends on the production.
- Below the Line: Crew responsible for execution and logistics, typically hired for the length of production with standardized rates.
Both groups are essential: above-the-line roles shape the vision, while below-the-line roles make that vision possible.
Budget Context
- Above the Line Costs: Fees for creative talent, story rights, and script development.
- Below the Line Costs: Crew wages, equipment rentals, set construction, costumes, and post-production labor.
- This distinction is crucial for union negotiations, tax incentives, and financial planning.
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Why It Matters
Understanding below the line helps filmmakers read budgets and understand how a production allocates resources. It is an accounting distinction, not a ranking of who contributes ideas. A cinematographer’s lighting choices, a designer’s set and an editor’s scene construction can be central to the finished film.
Related Terms
- Above the Line Creative positions such as director, writer, producers, and lead cast.
- Line Producer The producer responsible for managing the budget and below-the-line crew.
- Grip Department Crew that handles rigging, shaping, and controlling light.
Browse the filmmaking dictionary or explore terms beginning with B.